Comparing The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Riley Chiles Mr. Nelson AP Literature P-7 11/7/14 Comparing Fact and Fiction: The Parallels Within Democratic society has a curious effect on its people. Some citizens seem to have a very hard time imagining a fanatically corrupt religious sect of elite clergy running the scenes. Intriguingly, within arguably the most democratic country of our time, the United States was dominated by a class of religious elite a few centuries ago. Those who participated in said system were known as Puritans. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a transcendentalist of the 19th century, decided to recreate Puritan society in his book The Scarlet Letter, which takes place two centuries prior. This brings up an important inquiry: does his rendition stack up with historical evidence? After intense scrutiny and cross-referencing, a conclusion can be drawn that suggests he did indeed take many steps to remain faithful to the source material. To better understand The Scarlet Letter, we first must explore the author and his purpose for writing such a novel. Nathaniel Hawthorne was a philosophical thinker. He grew up in Salem, Massachusetts and was the descendant of William Hathorne, a Puritan magistrate and judge who became infamous for giving out harsh punishments. This was especially true during the Salem witch trials. Hawthorn’s family past seemed to fascinate and haunt him, and is represented in most of his works. This is coupled with his transcendentalist ideals, and clues the audience to the book’s intendedShow MoreRelatedComparing The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne And The Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithin the intricacies of literature in each era. Specifically, through analyzing The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, one can observe the dynamics of society in regards to the role of women through the lens of the theme of sexuality. In both novels, the confinement and oppression of women can be visibly seen as a result of these gender roles. Yet, from the time The Scarlet Letter was published to the time The Bell Jar was written, the place of women in societyRead More Characterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter1274 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterization through Imagery and Metaphor in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Throughout his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne reveals character through the use of imagery and metaphor.    In the first Chapter of The Scarlet Letter, The Prison-Door, the reader is immediately introduced to the people of Puritan Boston. Hawthorne begins to develop the character of the common people in order to build the mood of the story. The first sentence begins, A throng of bearded men, in sad-coloredRead More The Effective Use of Symbols in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter694 Words   |  3 PagesSymbols in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Webster defined symbol with these words: Something concrete that represents or suggests another thing that cannot in itself be pictured. This concept has been particularly applied to literature and used by writers throughout history. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter uses multitudes of symbols in such a manner. One of the most prominent, and most complicated, of such symbols is the scarlet letter A. The scarlet letter A isRead More Struggle between Good and Evil in The Scarlet Letter and Macbeth694 Words   |  3 PagesStruggle between Good and Evil in The Scarlet Letter and Macbeth It is said that â€Å"all conflict in literature is, in its simplest form, a struggle between good and evil.† Indeed, the fundamental conflict of human nature is that of darkness and light; and as a mirror to life, the conflicts in literature is not different from those in human nature. The struggle of good and evil is shown in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, which portrays the spiritual battle between and evil Read MoreAnalysis Of The From The Scarlet Letter 959 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most iconic books in history; its storyline, theme and literal characters have made an impact on the world of literature for hundreds of years. What stands out the most in the book is the use of archaic diction and figurative language, which serve to paint vivid, descriptive pictures of each character, specifically, Roger Chillingworth. In chapter nine of The Scarlet Letter, ‘The Leech†, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses settingRead More Exposed Sin vs. Hidden Sin in the Scarlet Letter Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesdeplorable, or utterly wrong. In this essay I will be comparing exposed sin to hidden sin as related to The Scarlet Letter, and the effects it has on people. In Nathanial HawthorneÂ’s The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne represents the exposed sin while Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth represent the hidden sin. Hester PrynneÂ’s sin is exposed on the scaffold in front of the townspeople. For punishment she is made to wear the letter “A”, for adulteress, on her bosom. HesterÂ’s daughterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter And The Other Wes Moore1238 Words   |  5 Pages This is a central idea in the novels The Other Wes Moore and The Scarlet Letter. The Other Wes Moore follows the lives of two young boys into adulthood and discusses why their lives turned out so differently, despite coming from such similar backgrounds. The author Wes Moore proposes that maybe it was due to the influences that each boy’s role model’s had. A similar idea is illustrated in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, which tells the tale of Hester Prynne and her close family over theRead MoreArchetypes And Allus ions Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1198 Words   |  5 PagesArchetypes and Allusions in The Scarlet Letter In the nineteenth century novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes different origins of allusions and archetypes to emphasize how individuals in order to encourage individuals to forgive sins and work towards redemption. Sin Allusions. From the Bible. In Dimmesdale’s home, Hawthorne describes a work depicting the Prophet Nathaniel, David, and Bathsheba: â€Å"The walls were hung round with tapestry, said to be from the Gobelin looms, and,Read MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne And Herman Melville1387 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville were well acquainted with one another and wrote a series of letters back and forth for a time. Their friendship has been seen as â€Å"one of the most famous in American literary history† (Hayford 435). Both authors have received a lot of attention as two of the more prominent writers of the nineteenth century and their names are often thrown together in criticism of that era. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most famous novel is likley The Scarlet Letter while HermanRead More A Comparison of The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables3606 Words   |  15 Pagesof The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables    Nathaniel Hawthorne, one of Americas most renowned authors, demonstrates his extraordinary talents in two of his most famed novels, The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables. To compare these two books seems bizarre, as their plots are distinctly different. Though the books are quite seemingly different, the central themes and Hawthornes style are closely related (Carey, p. 62). American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne

The Haber Process Essay Example For Students

The Haber Process Essay 1. The Haber ProcessDuring the first decade of the twentieth century the world-wide demand for ammonia for use in fertilisers (in the form of nitrates) and in the production of explosives for use in mining and warfare could only be satisfied on a large scale from deposits of guano in Chile (2). Though this deposit was of huge size (approximately five feet thick and 385 kilometres long) it represented a rapidly depleting resource when compared to world-wide demand. As a result of this there was much research into how ammonia could be produced from atmospheric nitrogen. The problem was eventually solved by Fritz Haber (1868 1934) in a process which came to be known as the Haber Process or the Haber Bosch Process. We will write a custom essay on The Haber Process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Haber developed a method for synthesising ammonia utilising atmospheric nitrogen and had established the conditions for large scale synthesis of ammonia by 1909 and the process was handed over to Carl Bosch for industrial development (1). the reaction is a simple equilibrium reaction which occurs in gaseous state as follows;N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) heat of enthalpy = -92.6 kJ/molIn predicting how to obtain the highest yield from this reaction we must refer to Le Chatliers Principle. This states that for an equilibrium reaction the equilibrium will work in the opposite direction to the conditions forced upon it. The conditions most pertinent to the above reaction are temperature and pressure. The pressure exerted by any gas or mixture of gasses in an enclosed space is directly proportional to the number of atoms or molecules of gas regardless of their size or molecular mass. Reference to the above reaction shows that, as the reaction moves to the right the number of molecules and hence the pressure decreases. Therefore the reaction moving to the right (i.e. towards the product required) is favoured by an increase in pressure. With regard to temperature, the reaction moving to the right is exothermic i.e. it gives off energy (in the form of heat). Therefore reference to Le Chatliers Principle shows that the reaction to the right is favoured by low temperatures. However, when Haber placed the reactants together under these conditions it was shown that the rate of reaction was so slow as to render the process unfeasible as an industrial process. This is because of an unusually high activation energy. The activation energy of a reaction is the energy required by the reactants to achieve an intermediate state required before they form the products. In the case of the above reaction the intermediate state requires the dissociation of diatomic gaseous nitrogen. The triple bond found between two nitrogen atoms when they form diatomic nitrogen is amongst the strongest chemical bonds known. this leads to an extremely high activation energy. At extremely high temperature the nitrogen molecule will dissociate and so, as the temperature approaches this point the rate at which the reaction to the right occurs and therefore the speed with which equilibrium is reached increases rapidly. Unfortunately experimentation showed that, as temperature approached the point at which the speed of the reaction was sufficient to produce a viable reaction the amount of ammonia produced was so low that the reaction was still unfeasible on as an industrial process. Faced with this failure to find conditions suitable for an industrial process Haber began to experiment to find a catalyst that would facilitate the reaction. A catalyst is a substance that reduces the activation energy of a reaction, thus increasing the speed at which the reaction occurs, or in the case of equilibrium reactions the speed at which equilibrium is reached. After hundreds of experiments Haber discovered that a fast enough reaction with a high enough yield of ammonia would occur with a pressure between 200 and 400 atmospheres and at a temperature between 670K and 920K in the presence of a catalyst of iron (in the form of iron filings to increase its active surface area) plus a few percent of oxides of potassium and aluminium. This process was first demonstrated in 1909 and patented as the Haber Process in 1910 (3). .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 , .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .postImageUrl , .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 , .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565:hover , .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565:visited , .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565:active { border:0!important; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565:active , .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565 .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83a660253c9329822f6ad7ae8e286565:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Penalty debate EssayExperiments aimed at finding the most efficient conditions for the reaction have since resulted in the process described by the flow diagram in Appendix 1. The Haber process has been used since its discovery to produce ammonia which has been used predominately to produce fertilisers which have helped to feed a rapidly growing world population and has been one of the main props used to avoid world-wide famine. The increase in the use of nitrogen based fertilisers is demonstrated in Appendix 2. Unfortunately there are consequences to such a high level of use of this industrial process. The Future of the Haber Process. In 1998 the Haber Process accounted for 29% of the atmospheric nitrogen fixed in the form of nitrates used by vegetation world-wide (4). If this reliance on artificial fertiliser is continued and the world population increases as expected (with the attendant increase in the number of crops being grown) then by the year 2050 160,000,000 tons of nitrogen will need to be manufactured per annum requiring the burning of 270,000,000 tons of coal or its equivalent to feed this energy hungry process with all of the attendant environmental problems (5). Further to this the use of chemical fertilisers also affects the global nitrogen cycle, pollutes groundwater and increases the level of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide a potent greenhouse gas. As a result of this work is now underway to both try to solve the problem of the high energy consumption of the Haber Process and to reduce our reliance on chemical fertilisers. The Unit of Nitrogen Fixation at Sussex University has now identified the reaction with the metal molybdenum within the enzyme nitrogenase which allows bacteria to fix atmospheric nitrogen at soil temperatures. This has enabled research to commence on low energy methods of producing ammonia. With regard to reducing our reliance on chemical fertilisers, funding is now being allocated to experiments into ways in which the amount of biological nitrogen fixation occurring can be encouraged the growth of nitrogen fixing microbes in the soil (7). The current method of production of nitrates via the production of ammonia in the Haber Process has been identified as being destructive to the environment despite its beneficial effects in helping to feed the world population. As a result funding is now being allocated to finding alternatives to this process. Though both of the above projects are far from complete they do demonstrate a commitment to making the Haber Process redundant and it is fairly certain that even if these avenues of research prove to be unsuccessful others will be explored until an alternative is found. it therefore seems that the days of one of the most widespread industrial processes in the world are now numbered. Bibliography1. Encyclopaedia Britannica 3 June 20002. University of Wisconsin Web site Science is Fun 3 June 20003. Raffles Institute Media Networking Club Web page 4 June 20004. Micro-organisms in Action. J M Lynch ; J E Hobbie. Blackwell Publication 19985. Biological Nitrogen Fixation National Research Council . National Academic Press 19946. Article New Scientist 10 May 19867. The Microbial World. J Deacon. The University of Edinburgh 2000

The Pain of Reflective Essay Topics Examples

The Pain of Reflective Essay Topics Examples Reflection is an everyday procedure and is quite personal issue. Locating a job wasn't simple, particularly in the financial crisis of 2008. Reflective practice isn't simple to conceptualise, as reflection can take many distinct forms. The Debate Over Reflective Essay Topics Examples The standard reflection essay length will be different between 300. A reflection essay example is an appropriate way for you to receive information if you're writing the essay for the very first time. Sometimes it's not suggested for you to take a look at the essay before writing your own so that you can stay away from copying and submit plagiarized work. Have a look at personal reflective essay examples and develop a reflective essay topic which you would want to speak about in your essay. Pretty much the same manner you compose any essay. The same is true for a book. If your response is yes, then you ought to attempt writing reflective essays. Finding the Best Reflective Essay Topics Examples It's only normal to be anxious about hiring an on-line essay writer as you can't ever be sure whether you are employing the suitable service or not. The heart of the procedure is the matter of productivity. When you study at a college or university you're often requested to complete various types of academic papers. At times, a place about which you have a few really nice and strong memories will be sufficient for you to experience a boost and compose some rather good reflective essays. Choosing Reflective Essay Topics Examples Such term paper reflects your comprehension of the material given by the instructor in the classroom. Moreover, writing such papers can help you understand and occasionally resolve your feelings. The important thing is to make your essay actuall y reflective and the secret to achieving that is to set your own personality within it. Writing quality essays is the principal use of our services. From time to time, you wish to be more specific in 1 aspect or two. It is important to develop into a reflective practitioner as reflection enables somebody to learn through changes with regard to their thinking abilities and be in a position to apply and practice the new knowledge acquired through reflection. The procedure for reflection in a work environment has various definitions. The expression reflective', can also apply to a mental procedure, or a person's capability to take part in deep thought and generate a reflection of a social circumstance. Reflective Essay Topics Examples Features You really need to concentrate on your body paragraphs first. Your essay should have three or more principal parts with each one of them divided into several components. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. The bonds you build with different individuals influence the sort of person you become. If, for instance, you're likely to compose a reflective essay on a movie, it would be a great issue to view that movie twice once for an overall reaction and once as you take your notes. Being a real writer is definitely hard work, but I think that if one loves writing enough, an individual can produce a career for a writer. After all, life is only a string of events, and those which you remember most vividly are those that is likely to make the best essays. To keep in mind that laughter and tears are both an essay of everybody's life. Top Reflective Essay Topics Examples Choices In some instances, it is wise to begin with the body section and after that move to the introduction, then lastly to the conclusion. Conclusion it's essentially a review of the principal points presented above. Describe some tasks which you have accomplished over the last two yea rs that don't have any connection to academic studies. Enable the findings allow you to evaluate who can provide you exceptional help with your assignment. How to Choose Reflective Essay Topics Examples The essay is made up of your own personal views on the topic and an explanation of your position. You may take a look at some other articles to find an idea or two on how to do his essay. Choosing only the appropriate reflective essay topic can be challenging, but here are some guidelines to assist you in that approach. Dependent on the questions you decide on, the reply can become your thesis or you can construct your whole essay in such a manner it answers one or several of these questions. The thesis statement explains the objective of your essay. The essay cannot be written according to standard essay scheme on account of the reason that the thesis statements in addition to conclusions are blurry. A reflective essay is one which explores someone's individual insight on a specific topic. A reflection essay is most likely one of the simplest to write because it isn't about facts but about your experience or thoughts. There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Purpose statement Begin with a purpose statement you will later become a thesis statement. Just make sure that you get information you have to have in writing so you are not going to have much a difficult time getting started. A location where you will see excellent reviews is probably where you should have your help.

Comparative Literature Essay Topics For Shakespeare Study

Comparative Literature Essay Topics For Shakespeare StudyComparing Shakespeare to the other essayists can be a fun exercise. It allows us to compare each essayist to one another and to Shakespeare himself. There are certain similarities that we might pick up on. Here are some examples to consider:How were they written: I have also been asked if they are similar to other writers in terms of style. The answer is that they are all written in a formal style, sometimes by people who have a little bit of education but no experience writing a book. They are not free flowing like The Great Gatsby or Huckleberry Finn.Themes: Do you see a theme that runs through these essays? One of the themes is world history. These essays are also about humanity, about individual human behavior, about their cultural backgrounds, about their skill sets, and about human possibilities.Themes and styles: Themes and styles are also things that run through the essays. Some are about love, others are about religion , still others are about liberty and justice for all. All these themes and styles are great and help to make the essay.Words and thoughts: Other essays are about politics, world history, or even world literature. But many of the essays that are studied in the schools are about modern literature. These types of essays are very different from the Shakespearean essays that people typically study.One huge amount of people usually turn to Shakespeare to find inspiration for their own work. You might think of him as a great artist. That's fine, but there are also many people who actually study his work and see the brilliance and genius of his plays.The bottom line is that you can learn from all of these genres and forms of literature. You can also study the works of a variety of other authors and still be able to compare the works of Shakespeare to those writers. It might even help to set a class based on these types of topics.The essay topics that you choose for your Shakespeare study sh ould be personal and specific to your needs. You don't want just any essay topics. You should pick ones that allow you to write more and engage with your professor.

Writing the Jet Essay

Writing the Jet EssayWriting the Jet Essay does not have to be a difficult process. In fact, this type of essay is simple and easy to write. But if you are going to submit it, you must make sure that the essay is convincing and correct in every way.The essay will then have to convince your reader. Your essay will have to convince your reader. The first step to take when writing the essay is to decide on the target audience. You need to take this decision after knowing the purpose of writing the essay.There are two types of essays, one is the research-based essay and the other is the opinion based essay. Which one do you write? Research based essays, of course, are going to be based on research. If you are writing the essay to impress your professor and make her see your brilliance, then the research based essay will work best for you.The other type of essay is the opinion based essay. While you are writing the essay, you are going to get very emotional. If you are trying to impress y our reader and make her see your brilliance, then the opinion based essay will work best for you. So if you are trying to impress your teacher, you can definitely go for the opinion-based essay.The other thing to think about when writing the Jet Essay is to research. The target audience is different, therefore, the essay will have to be different. One thing that you must keep in mind is that you need to stay away from getting self-confused. Writing a Jet Essay is not easy. Just try to write the essay with a clear head.An additional benefit of writing the essay is that it would help you to interact with your fellow classmates and fellow professors. You may also need to write a detailed essay after a test or during an exam. If you are having a long essay, you might find that you tend to take too much time in writing it. Once you have begun writing, you may find that you have taken on too much. For that reason, it is advisable to cut back on the number of sentences in the essay.Another benefit is that when you are writing the essay, your students' attention will automatically be drawn to it. One thing that you must remember when writing the essay is that you will have to add three things to every two sentences in the essay. A Jet Essay is always tough, but if you write the essay in a right way, it will make your classmates notice you.

Sample Essay Hamlet - The Death of King Claudius

Sample Essay Hamlet - The Death of King ClaudiusSample Essay Hamlet is the newest film by Neil LaBute. It is a movie that follows the young King Claudius and his young bride, Ophelia. The film is based on a play by William Shakespeare and is set during the time of Ophelia's birth, and therefore takes place after the death of the King.Throughout the course of the movie, there are certain events that cause Hamlet to lose all sense of himself. Some of these events are by-products of events which occurred prior to his birth, some were caused by his actions while in exile, and some were the consequence of his departure from the court. For example, although he was not present for the accident, his presence causes the King to sell his daughter to a prince who has been exiled from his kingdom for murder.Throughout the course of the film, there are some instances of Hamlet's own behavior which reflects his failure as a king. Although his decision not to accept the betrothal of his daughter to Prince Hamlet results in her being raped by him, the film is more interested in the tragic consequences of this event than the rape itself.As the story progresses, Hamlet becomes increasingly more dejected as the only person he can trust is his friend the King. Because of his shortcomings, the King begins to suspect that Hamlet has knowledge of his own infidelity, and he attempts to get the real King to find out.In order to do this, the King requests that Hamlet get the 'marks' that have been sewn onto Hamlet's face for the past ten years. The marks are tattoos which serve to remind him of his past. Once again, Hamlet becomes confused and does not realize that the King intends to do the deed himself.Eventually, the King comes to realize what Hamlet is trying to do, and he attacks him in his sleep. While Hamlet escapes, his sister is mortally wounded and dies shortly thereafter.In the aftermath of the tragedy, Hamlet asks his companions to prepare a play for his daughter. But when t hey discover that the play is written by Claudius himself, they stop him. The result is the creation of Hamlet in the style of his ancestors, the old English plays.

Personality Development Essays - Human Development, Human Behavior

Personality Development What theory of Human Development makes a person what they are? Why does a person do what they do? Where does personality come from and how does it grow? These are some frequently asked questions when discussing the topic of personality. Personality does originate from a specific point, and from then on it continues to grow and become exponentially more complex. There are some commonly made assumptions when developing a personality theory. The first of these assumptions concerns whether one believes that the behaviors, any type of action, a person exhibits are produced by conscious choices and decisions, also known as free will, or "determined" by forces beyond ones control. I believe in the free will explanation, but not the type of free will commonly imagined. Humans do ultimately have the power to choose their actions, however the extreme influence of other factors, such as heredity, environment, and learned behaviors, may make it seem like a persons actions were predetermined. For example, If I take care of myself and eat healthy, have a healthy physical and mental state of being, I am still very likely to develop Hundtingtons disease because it is proven that it is transmitted genetically and my grandfather had the my father had the genes that carried it. For that reason, it can be assumed that human beings do have free will, however the choices made are greatly impacted and seemingly determined by inherited basic needs, environment, and learned behaviors Another assumption to be examined that is normally a difficult one to address is the question of environment versus heredity. B.F. Skinner would argue faithfully that behavior is based solely on environmental contingencies, while Sigmund Freud would just as strongly maintain that the role of heredity determines the personality of an individual. Erikson would argue that personality is determined in the stage "trust vs. mistrust" I, on the other hand, believe that all sides of the debate are equally valid; personality is both the product of nature, in the form of the gratification of instinctual basic needs, and the product of learning and life experiences. For example, if a person was being attacked by something or someone, the basic need of safety would cause that person to seek refuge. However, where that person goes to find safety would likely be determined by learned behaviors and past experiences of the need for security. Therefore, personality is not a question of nature versus nurture, but is instead a combination of the two. Some of the factors that effect personality include social groups, and learned behaviors. The Core Personality From the moments of conception, your parents` genes determine what many of your physical traits will be. Among these are gender, height, and skin color. These sort of traits will have an effect on how the child perceives itself and how others perceive the child, consequently having an effect on the child`s personality. For example, this person could have some physical characteristic that is looked down on or made fun of by various people. This, in turn, would affect the individual`s self esteem and overall personality. I do not believe that there is anyone that would honestly be able to say that they think that all babies are just as smart as each other when they are born. The idea is ridiculous. Just as everyone is born physically different, they are also born mentally different. Therefore, the only factor that could initially affect the intelligence level of an individual before birth is the inherited genes of that individual`s parents. What is also included in this inheritance is the passing on of basic needs. These basic needs include physiological needs, which are all of the body`s requirements (food, water, safety needs, curiosity, the need for relationships), which is first encountered in the relationship between the mother and her child. There are, of course, certain circumstances which may have a later effect on personality and its development. Any sort of trauma to the development of the infant at this point could have mild to drastic effects that could cause damage to the body and/or brain. This would include the use of various drugs by the mother, such as alcohol, tobacco, and crack, or some sort of physical abuse to the mother during the pregnancy. Each one is capable of causing some sort of mental or physical handicap to the infant. Common sense tells you that this would affect the learning capability or the physical capability of the child, and having a definite change on the outcome of that child`s personality. Physical attributes, mental