Intellectual Property and Social Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2765 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Intellectual Property Essay Did you like this example? ABSTRACT: Social media has become an important object for the business. Increasing exposure and traffics are the main two benefits of social media. One of the main reason is no language barrier. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Intellectual Property and Social Media" essay for you Create order Social media platforms help to connect with the customers, increase awareness and boost leads and sales. Social media is an effective key for spreading any information. As the increasing use of visual info graphic on social media trademarks has begun to show more interest in various social media platforms. The purpose of this study is to know about the emerging social media era and how it is affecting the IPR of an individual. This study provides a snapshot of the challenges of intellectual property protection in social media landscape. Rapid advancements in social media are creating challenges for courts, as existing laws were written when social media was not in exist. Keywords: Social media, intellectual property, internet, social media platforms, business, statistics. INTRODUCTION: Social media has made many changes to several areas of human venture. Since it is universal that’s why it has raised great concern to humanity and posed a challenge to intellectual property rights and laws. Intellectual property issues which surrounding copyright law, are issues every business is likely to encounter when engaging with customers via social media. Copying and pasting a picture, song, video, document, GIF, or webpage onto your business’ profile to share through social media is easy. And many social media users are doing it. Sharing original works of authors by others, unless you have clear permission to do so it is an violation of the copyright law and meant to protect, and by extension promote, the creation of original content. And intentionally or unintentionally associating your business, your products, or your service with the trademarks of another can open you to liability for infringement. The business owners are fighting their way to ensure that intellectual property rights are recognized, respected and exploited by the possessors of such rights. This ever expansive authority of intellectual property rights which are embedded in trademarks, copyrights, patents, designs, publicity rights and trade secrets helps to create an authorized ground for the corporate industry to exploit the value of their untouchable assets in an ever increasingly global marketplace. Recently, a compelling intellectual property debate occurred during the Congressional questioning of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg on April 10 and 11, 2018. In which Zukerberg commented that every piece of content that the user shares on Facebook , is own by the user, and the user has complete control over who sees it and how it is shared, and can be removed any time. This comment raises several important questions. One of them was â€Å"if a user’s rights in photo or data shared through Facebook depend on Facebook’s disclosures and terms of service, should such disclosures and terms be regulated? If so, how?† Zuckerberg was asked to appear before Congress after news spread of allegations that a University of Cambridge professor obtained data on potentially 87 million Facebook users, including Zuckerberg himself, through a personality quiz and then shared such data with Cambridge Analytica, whose services were retained by. Customers, including the 2016 presidential election campaign for Donald Trump. While Congress debates whether it should regulate the content of written terms of service that govern the relationship between social media sites and consumers— much like they regulate loan documents that govern the relationship between lenders and consumers. What is intellectual property? Intellectual property is a term used to tell the rights which may result from intellectual activities in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic spheres and includes patents, trademarks, commercial names and designations, industrial designs, geographical indications, copyright and related rights and protection against unfair competition. The two categories of Intellectual property are: Industrial Property: It includes patents for inventions, industrial designs, geographical indications and trademarks. Copyright: It covers literature, films, music, artistic works (e.g., drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures) and architectural design. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and broadcasters in their radio and television programs. Intellectual Property Rights: These are like any other property right. They allow creators, or owners, of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works to benefit from their own work or investment in a creation. These rights are outlined in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which provides for the right to benefit from the protection of moral and material interests resulting from authorship of scientific, literary or artistic productions. There are three intellectual property rights and these are: Patents, Copyright and Trademarks these are the three basics intellectual property rights. Patents: A patent is a right granted for an invention, product or process that provides a new way of doing something, or that gives a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides patent owners with protection for their inventions. Protection is granted for a limited period, generally 20 years. Trademark: A trademark is a distinctive sign that identifies certain goods or services produced or provided by an individual or a company for the protection. The system helps consumer to identify and purchase a product or service based on whether its specific characteristics and quality – as indicated by its unique trademark – meet their needs. Geographical Indications: A geographical indication is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation due to that place of origin. Most commonly, a geographical indication consists of the name of the place of origin of the products. Agricultural products have qualities that derive from their place of production and are affected by specific local geographical factors, such as climate and soil. METHODOLOGIES Because of the exposure of social media it has become increasingly important for individuals and businesses to increase their plans to protect their intellectual property by developing a strategy for addressing infringement of IP and other rights that take place on social media websites. There is a wide range of concerns especially due to the fact that by using the social media, not all users distributed original content, not all users remained their selves, but adopted identities of others, used the social media platforms to harass their real world enemies. Data collected by Internet World Stats shows the internet usage of the world population is: Taking into consideration this fact and that today we live in a â€Å"digital† society, the concept of intellectual property, is faced with new legal challenges. The question that arises from this increasing society context is the influence of the social media in everyday life and especially in the protection of intellectual property rights. In today’s world no one can deny the power of the social media, however the issue of controlling this power is rather concerning. With the involvement of the Internet and the social media in our lives it is becoming hard to keep our data safe. This new situation demands the rights holders to ask protection of their intellectual property rights. It is widely known that the value of the intellectual property rights in practice depends on whether the owner of the rights is capable of undertaking necessary measures to prevent others from infringing its rights. IPRs benefit individuals and the society as mentioned by World Intellectual Property Organization includes: The multibillion dollar film, recording, publishing and software industries would not exist without copyright protection. Without the rewards provided by the patent system, researchers and inventors continue to produce better and more efficient products for consumers. Consumers would have no means to buy products or services without reliable, international trademark. Following policies are adopted by the famous social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube in order to protect IPR of user: Facebook You will not post content or take any action on Facebook that infringes or violates someone else’s rights or otherwise violates the law. We can remove any content or information you post on Facebook if we believe that it violates this Statement or our policies. We provide you with tools to help you protect your intellectual property rights. To learn more, visit our How to Report Claims of Intellectual Property Infringement page. If we remove your content for infringing someone else’s copyright, and you believe we removed it by mistake, we will provide you with an opportunity to appeal. If you repeatedly infringe other people’s intellectual property rights, we will disable your account when appropriate. † Twitter Twitter respects the intellectual property rights of others and expects users of the Services to do the same. They will respond to notices of alleged copyright infringement that comply with applicable law and are properly provided to us. If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, do provide them the following information: 1. A physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf. 2. Identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed. 3. Identification of the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity and that is to be removed or access to which is to be disabled, and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate the material. 4. Your contact information, including your address, telephone number, and an email address. 5. A statement by you that you have a good faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law. 6. A statement that the information in the notification is accurate, and, under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner. 7. Twitter reserve the right to remove Content alleged to be infringing without prior notice, at our sole discretion, and without liability to you. In appropriate circumstances, Twitter will also terminate a user’s account if the user is determined to be a repeat infringer. 8. Twitter’s Terms of service provide that any copyright infringing content will be taken down. Like Facebook, Twitter also has a form to receive and process infringement complaints. For processing a complaint and taking down content, a complainant must prove that he/she owns the content and the content on Twitter is infringing. Accounts of repeat infringers will be terminated. Twitter has separate policies for trademark and character infringements. YouTube 1. YouTube operates a clear copyright policy in relation to any Content that is alleged to infringe the copyright of a third party. Details of that policy can be found here: https://www.youtube.co.uk/t/copyright_notice 2. As part of YouTube’s copyright policy, YouTube will terminate user access to the service if a user has been determined to be a repeat infringer. A repeat infringer is a user who has been notified of infringing activity more than twice.† 3. Like Facebook and Twitter, YouTube also has a DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) take down policy for removing copyright infringing content. More than two notifications of infringement will make a user, a repeat infringer on YouTube. Repeat infringement can result in loss of access of account. YouTube also has a complaint form for reporting trademark infringement. A channel that infringes a trademark can be blocked or terminated. While taking down the content, Social Media platforms must consider whether the use falls within the scope of fair use. Content need not be taken down if the use is fair. In a recent case, YouTube did not take down a video even after receiving a complaint from Universal Music stating that the video includes its copyrighted song, â€Å"Let’s Go Crazy.† A child was shown dancing in the song, and YouTube considered it fair use. There are two main reasons for protection of intellectual property rights. The first is to give required expression to the moral and economic rights of creators in their creations and such rights of the public in access to those creations. The second is to promote, as a deliberate act of Government policy, creativity and application of its results and to encourage fair trading which would contribute to economic and social development. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Why are patents necessary? By recognizing the creativity, patents provide rewards to individual for their innovation and marketable invention which in turn enhances the quality of human life. In this era of social media environment which has opened the gates of transparency for every individual, trademarks could be lost and as such, prosecuting its infringement can be challenging if its uniqueness is not highlighted. Trade-marks must be distinctive and must not be confused with the brands or trade-marks of others. If the owner does not take steps to prevent or stop infringements of the trade-mark, the uniqueness of the mark could be lost and the trade-mark could then be open to challenge. Social media can increase the risk to trade-mark owners of losing uniqueness in their marks and therefore potentially risk the trade-mark itself. That is because of the widespread spreading of information through social media and the lack of control trade-mark owners can have over their brands, such that the distinctiveness can be taken away over time. WIPO identifies the essence of trademarks thus: 1. Trademarks promote initiative and enterprise worldwide by rewarding their owners with recognition and financial profit. 2. Trademark protection also hinders the efforts of unfair competitors, such as counterfeiters, to use similar distinctive signs to market inferior or different products or services. 3. The system enables people with skill and enterprise to produce and market goods and services in the fairest possible conditions, thereby facilitating international trade. Trademark protection ensures that the owners of marks have the exclusive right to use them to identify goods or services, or to authorize others to use them in return for payment. The period of protection varies, but a trademark can be renewed indefinitely upon payment of the corresponding fees. Trademark protection is legally enforced by courts that, in most systems, have the authority to stop trademark infringement. CHALLANGES With the arrival of social media, intellectual property issues have been confronted with new and sometimes complex challenges. The social media technologies that encourage the sharing of contents across different communication channels have brought about new difficulties in enforcing copyright, and inspired additional challenges to the basic legal philosophy of copyright. The global entertainment industry in particular has fought diligently against the free use, copying, and distribution of electronic music, videos, and movies. Many businesses in their bid to protect their intellectual property have advocated for the same copyright protection to be extended to new media. There is a wide range of concerns especially due to the fact that by using the social media, not all users distributed original content, not all users remained their selves, but adopted identities of others, used the social media platforms to harass their real world enemies. The large amount of cases that have arisen around the world show that â€Å"user generated content† is not the same thing as â€Å"user created content†. Content exchanged between individuals online is not always â€Å"content generated by a user† but, rather, â€Å"content created by a copyright holder who has not authorized its generation by the user. In other words, its publication in social media is said to constitute a breach of the holder’s copyright. The nature of social media is both a curse and a blessing for rights holders. The blessing is that content that violates rights might be deleted.From social media sites before they have been widely viewed, downloaded or shared.Unwanted questions abound on the Internet. This means that many times one can get materials that one did not subscribe to. There appears to be ‘nowhere to hide’ for many people, in terms of their privacy i.e. privacy intrusion takes place. Intellectual property rights are rights given to people over the creation of their minds. Creators such as authors, artists, inventors, designers, musicians, photographers, producers and directors are entitled to exclusive rights to use and economically exploit their work. These rights must be respected by all. Thus, when one uses another’s work, credit must be given to the owner of such work resulting in intellectual property theft. CONCLUSION While social media channels and social platforms represent an opportunity for collaboration and marketing in a new paradigm of communication, one must be mindful of the potential legal issues that may arise. As long as a forward looking, proactive, and coordinated strategy is taken in regards to potential disclosures, an organization may be able to market to the public via social media while avoiding accidently triggering grace periods and or losses to intellectual property rights.

The Main Themes of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by...

â€Å"PERSONS attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot.† This quote is from Mark Twain at the beginning of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and it shows Mark Twain’s humor, while also setting the tone for the book. This book was published in the 1880’s, which was around twenty years after the civil war, but it showed there were still signs of discrimination against the African Americans. The main themes of this story are racism and slavery, superstitions, and the issue of conforming to society to please others. The theme of the story largely revolves around the ideas of racism and slavery and is conveyed†¦show more content†¦Superstitions are a large part of the story because when Huck and Jim are together they are usually calm and collected, but when they encounter something that is superstitious, they become irra tional. There are several examples of this happening including when Huck flicks the spider off his shoulder into the candle and it burns, so he believes it is going to give him bad luck. Another example is when Huck spills salt at breakfast and went to throw some over his left shoulder, but Miss Watson stopped him before he could so he thought he was going to get bad luck. Superstitions have been around since the earliest of civilizations and will most likely always be around. They were just as popular during Mark Twain’s time as they are now. Today, most people are superstitious about sporting events and often will do outrageous things to help their team win. â€Å"Jim put the quarter under the hair-ball, and got down and listened again. This time he said the hair-ball was all right. He said it would tell my whole fortune if I wanted it to. I says, go on. So the hair-ball talked to Jim, and Jim told it to me.† (Twain, Chapter 4) Lastly, the final theme that is i mportant is society trying to mold you to please others. In the book, Widow Douglas is always trying to make Huck be proper and go to school,Show MoreRelatedMark Twain : Seeing America s Flaws1593 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain: Seeing America’s Flaws â€Å"You don’t know about me, without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , but that ain’t no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain and he told the truth, mainly. There was things he stretched, but mainly he told the truth† (qtd. in Jones 237). That was the very first line in Mark Twain’s controversial book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel L. Clemens, as a young boy, grew up on the Mississippi and learned the ways of southernRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1130 Words   |  5 Pages Mark Twain, a realistic writer, explores the ideas of ordinary people and freedom in his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Civil War and the Industrialization of America were historic to the rise of the realistic period, and contributed to the shaping of it. The authors developed the period with an emphasis on regionalism, transparent language, and character. Common themes of racism, class, and freedom emerge during realism. Mark Twain s novel demonstrates the subjects of racism andRead MoreRacism : Discrimination Or Antagonism Directed Against Someone Of A Different Race1636 Words   |  7 PagesRacism: discrimination or antagonism directed against someone of a different race. Even though The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel about a young boy the story has an underlying message of the truth of racism. 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In both novels the main character finds himself on a journey where he goes through many ups and downs until he reaches his â€Å"final destination.† While the novels have their similarities they also have many differences. In his writing, Charles Dickens chose to take a more romantic route while Mark Twain chose to be more realistic in his work. Despite theirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1648 Words   |  7 PagesLola Parsapour Mr. Ruddy AP Lang 3 September 2015 The Value in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, developed into one of the most controversial books in America. The basis of this controversy can be summarized briefly for it was the use of racial slur and issues of slavery that caused tension in our society. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was banned for the first time one month after its publication. â€Å"â€Å"Not suitable for trash† was the

A Gathering of Old Men the Characters in Gaines’ Novel Free Essays

Race has always been an issue in Louisiana. The characters in Gaines’ novel attempt to dissolve racial tension in the South. All of the black men gather together at the plantation so the lynching mob won’t attempt to attack them. We will write a custom essay sample on A Gathering of Old Men: the Characters in Gaines’ Novel or any similar topic only for you Order Now Salt and Pepper, a black and a white football star, play together at LSU in the novel. This demonstrates racial cooperation. The novel takes place in Bayonne, Louisiana on the Marshall Plantation. The plantation’s white boss, Beau, is found murdered at the start of the novel. Candy Marshall, part owner of the plantation, finds the body near Mathu’s house. Mathu was somewhat of a foster parent to Candy. Candy gathers a crew of old men to the plantation with shotguns and empty shells to confess to the murder. She does this so the alleged killer, Mathu, won’t be lynched. Lynching is how many racial crimes in Louisiana at this time were handled. The old men stay at the plantation all day, not knowing who actually committed the crime. Mapes, a white sheriff, is depicted as a typical racist. He uses aggression towards the men to try to solve the crime. This was the typical approach of Louisiana deputies towards blacks. Towards the end of the novel, Mapes shows that he has great respect for Mathu. In this novel Gaines shows the racial difficulties in Louisiana at this time. This is shown through the fear of the black community. They were afraid of being lynched for a crime they might not have committed. The men all gather together to take a stand against racist whites. He also shows that this was the beginning of racial equality. This is shown by the harmony between Salt and Pepper on and off of the football field. Gaines paints a good picture of the Louisiana lifestyle at this point in history. He shows the racial struggles in law enforcement, daily lifestyle, and sports. Being from Louisiana and knowing what I do about our historical culture I would say that in Gaines’ novel he describes very well what Louisiana life was like at this time. I chose to do my report on this book because I believe that racism is a very large part of Louisiana history. How to cite A Gathering of Old Men: the Characters in Gaines’ Novel, Papers

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility. Answer: Chapter 1: 7 respondents were interviewed by asking them 23 open ended questions. It was seen that the seven respondents had different views regarding every questions they were asked. The analyses of the interviews are given below: It was seen that the first interview had mentioned that Marketing and Corporate Relations Department is responsible for Corporate Communication in the Organization of the interviewer. The second interview gave the information that a Sovereign Department called Corporate Communications Department is responsible for it while the third interview stated that Public Relations Department is responsible for it. The fourth interview mentioned that the Marketing and Corporate Communications Department is responsible for Corporate Communication in the Organization, the fifth interview mentioned Marketing Communication for it, and the sixth interview mentioned about Branding and communications department whiles the seventh one replied Marketing and Corporate Relations Department (Murphy and Schlegelmilch 2013). From the first interview, it was seen that UBA Foundation was responsible for the Corporate Social Responsibility. The second interview shows that there is a sub unit in the department that is responsible for it while the third interview shows that the office of the chairman and the head of the head of the Public Relations Department is responsible for Corporate Social Responsibility (Herzig and Moon 2013). According to the fourth interview it was seen, the Marketing and Corporate Communications Department is responsible for its customer social relationship while the fifth interview stated that Corporate services is responsible for it. The sixth interview said that they have a specific director who is in charge of the customer social relationship of their organization and the seventh interview revealed that the Marketing and corporate relations department is in charge of customer social relationship. The first interview shows that the company has a divisional Head for Marketing and Corporate Relations who is in charge of the Corporate Communication in the organization while the second interview shows that a unit headed by a particular person is in charge of it (Bravo et al. 2012). According to interview three and four, they do not have any specific director for the charge of Corporate Communication in the organization while according to interview five they have a specific director for it. Interview 6 showed that HR manager is involved in decision-making process of Corporate Communication of the organization while interview seven revealed the Divisional Head is in charge of the Corporate Communications Department (Leipziger 2015). According to the first interview, it was seen that the organization have different level of approving offices to provide decisions regarding Corporate Communication of the organization while the director is not the lone person to make decision for the second organization. The third interview shows that the board of directors took the decisions regarding it while the The Head, Marketing and Corporate Communications Department took the decisions (ArAs 2016). Interview 5 revealed Executive shared services took the decisions; interview six revealed that hr manager took the decisions while Divisional Head took the decisions according to interview seven. It was seen that there were various impacts of customer social relationship Communication. It was seen that there were various positive impacts as well as negative impacts of customer social relationship communication. According to interview one, it was seen that too much money is spent on promotions to reach t the customers. Use of social media is also increased as the company can cover a larger mass of people on social media platforms. The second interview showed that the impact of customer social relationship communication would be severe on choosing wrong target population (Herzig and Moon 2013). This would result to sell of the products to wrong people and advertising to the wrong people about the products. Interview 3 revealed that the impact of customer social relationship Communication would result to disclosure of too much information of the company outside and the competitors could take advantage of this information to succeed in the business (Jonker and Marberg 2015). Inte rview 4 had revealed that they had to frame strategies and set their business such that it creates an impact in the lives of all stakeholders. Interview 5 revealed that they have very good companys Corporate Communication and they help their staffs to keep abreast of the customer social relationship initiatives. Interview 6 revealed that they try to create the impact of customer social relationship by emails and newspaper publications. They have a good image on their customers and stakeholders. Interview 7 also revealed that the organization have a good impact on the customers and stakeholders as they have a good bank of reputation. Importance and effectiveness of corporate communication channels was found from the interviews. It was seen that some of the organizations used the usage of communications like websites and Annual Reports for Corporate Social Responsibility Communication while few of them do not use it. Interview 5, interview 6, interview 7, interview 4 and interview 2 use it to improve their corporate communication. Interview 1 and interview 3 said that they do not use the communications like websites and Annual Reports for Corporate Social Responsibility Communication. These are important modes of communication as they help to reach out to maximum number of people (Manning 2013). Social media is also another important corporate communication channels. People are more into social media and it is easy to reach out to the people via social media. The interview also revealed that communication strategy of both medium and social media are important for the effectiveness of corporate communication. On asking whether the standards of communication is necessary to be according to industry standards, all the seven interview conducted gave a positive response to this question. This is because the industry standard is set to connect to a larger mass of people (Murphy and Schlegelmilch 2013). Having the standard of corporate communication according to industry standard would help the companies to communicate with the clients and stakeholders. Question was asked to grade the degree of effectiveness of the Communication Strategy Adopted by the organization. Interview 6 and interview 7 revealed that their Communication strategy was quite effective and they rated it around 90%. According to interview 5, the rating of the degree of effectiveness of was 8 while interview 4 revealed that their strategy was very effective (Murphy and Schlegelmilch 2013). Interview 3 revealed that the strategy of communication they had adopted was effect largely. However, they had rooms for improvement of their strategy. According to interview 2, the rating of their communication strategy is between 8 and 9 and the company had began to adopt new modes of communication. Interview 1 revealed that the degree of effectiveness of their communication is high. Chapter 2 Conclusion It was seen that different organizations had different methods of decision processes. They had various persons to take their decisions. While one interview revealed that, their director took the decisions regarding the processing financial institution while another interview revealed that the divisional Head for Marketing and Corporate Relations. Another interview revealed that the director might not be the sole decision maker of the various processes of decision-making. It was also seen that there were various advantages and disadvantages regarding the impacts of Customer Social Relationship Communications. In some cases, it was seen that the expenditure by the organization was high, as they have to reach out to as many customers as they can. Some of them had a bank of good images and they use specific mediums for specific audiences. It was seen that most of the institutions had said that they have bank of good reputations for their organization. This might be due to their good cust omer relationship strategies and good corporate strategies. Social media was seen as an important medium of communication by the organizations with their clients and customers. It was also seen that most of the interviews revealed that the organizations prefer to use other channels of communication like Websites and Annual Reports for Corporate Social Responsibility communication. Some of them use Annual Reports while some of them use various websites. However, social media was seen as the pioneer method of communication with the clients and stakeholders. The interviews revealed that the strategy of communication that is adopted by organizations is quite effective. This variable got the high degree in terms of effectiveness of the strategy of communication that is adopted by the organizations. Thus, it was seen that every interview revealed there was effectiveness and importance of the channels of corporate communication they use for their organization. The channels of communication that are used by the organizations for corporate communication of corporate social responsibility activities are effective enough for the business and development of the organizations. Use of additional channels by the organizations are also seen this research. It was also seen that there are various people involved in the process of decision-making. The strong impact of the corporate communication of corporate social responsibility activities had been revealed in the interviews where the organization is happy and highly satisfied with their degree of effectiveness of the communication strategy they had adopted. References ArAs, G., 2016.A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Bravo, R., Matute, J. and Pina, J.M., 2012. Corporate social responsibility as a vehicle to reveal the corporate identity: A study focused on the websites of Spanish financial entities.Journal of Business Ethics,107(2), pp.129-146. Herzig, C. and Moon, J., 2013. Discourses on corporate social ir/responsibility in the financial sector.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.1870-1880. Jonker, J. and Marberg, A., 2015. Corporate Social Responsibility Quo Vadis?.Business, Capitalism and Corporate Citizenship: A Collection of Seminal Essays, p.85. Leipziger, D., 2015.The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing. Manning, L., 2013. Corporate and consumer social responsibility in the food supply chain.British Food Journal,115(1), pp.9-29. Murphy, P.E. and Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and corporate social irresponsibility: Introduction to a special topic section.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.1807-1813.