Intellectual Property and Social Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2765 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Intellectual Property Essay Did you like this example? ABSTRACT: Social media has become an important object for the business. Increasing exposure and traffics are the main two benefits of social media. One of the main reason is no language barrier. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Intellectual Property and Social Media" essay for you Create order Social media platforms help to connect with the customers, increase awareness and boost leads and sales. Social media is an effective key for spreading any information. As the increasing use of visual info graphic on social media trademarks has begun to show more interest in various social media platforms. The purpose of this study is to know about the emerging social media era and how it is affecting the IPR of an individual. This study provides a snapshot of the challenges of intellectual property protection in social media landscape. Rapid advancements in social media are creating challenges for courts, as existing laws were written when social media was not in exist. Keywords: Social media, intellectual property, internet, social media platforms, business, statistics. INTRODUCTION: Social media has made many changes to several areas of human venture. Since it is universal that’s why it has raised great concern to humanity and posed a challenge to intellectual property rights and laws. Intellectual property issues which surrounding copyright law, are issues every business is likely to encounter when engaging with customers via social media. Copying and pasting a picture, song, video, document, GIF, or webpage onto your business’ profile to share through social media is easy. And many social media users are doing it. Sharing original works of authors by others, unless you have clear permission to do so it is an violation of the copyright law and meant to protect, and by extension promote, the creation of original content. And intentionally or unintentionally associating your business, your products, or your service with the trademarks of another can open you to liability for infringement. The business owners are fighting their way to ensure that intellectual property rights are recognized, respected and exploited by the possessors of such rights. This ever expansive authority of intellectual property rights which are embedded in trademarks, copyrights, patents, designs, publicity rights and trade secrets helps to create an authorized ground for the corporate industry to exploit the value of their untouchable assets in an ever increasingly global marketplace. Recently, a compelling intellectual property debate occurred during the Congressional questioning of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg on April 10 and 11, 2018. In which Zukerberg commented that every piece of content that the user shares on Facebook , is own by the user, and the user has complete control over who sees it and how it is shared, and can be removed any time. This comment raises several important questions. One of them was â€Å"if a user’s rights in photo or data shared through Facebook depend on Facebook’s disclosures and terms of service, should such disclosures and terms be regulated? If so, how?† Zuckerberg was asked to appear before Congress after news spread of allegations that a University of Cambridge professor obtained data on potentially 87 million Facebook users, including Zuckerberg himself, through a personality quiz and then shared such data with Cambridge Analytica, whose services were retained by. Customers, including the 2016 presidential election campaign for Donald Trump. While Congress debates whether it should regulate the content of written terms of service that govern the relationship between social media sites and consumers— much like they regulate loan documents that govern the relationship between lenders and consumers. What is intellectual property? Intellectual property is a term used to tell the rights which may result from intellectual activities in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic spheres and includes patents, trademarks, commercial names and designations, industrial designs, geographical indications, copyright and related rights and protection against unfair competition. The two categories of Intellectual property are: Industrial Property: It includes patents for inventions, industrial designs, geographical indications and trademarks. Copyright: It covers literature, films, music, artistic works (e.g., drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures) and architectural design. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and broadcasters in their radio and television programs. Intellectual Property Rights: These are like any other property right. They allow creators, or owners, of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works to benefit from their own work or investment in a creation. These rights are outlined in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which provides for the right to benefit from the protection of moral and material interests resulting from authorship of scientific, literary or artistic productions. There are three intellectual property rights and these are: Patents, Copyright and Trademarks these are the three basics intellectual property rights. Patents: A patent is a right granted for an invention, product or process that provides a new way of doing something, or that gives a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides patent owners with protection for their inventions. Protection is granted for a limited period, generally 20 years. Trademark: A trademark is a distinctive sign that identifies certain goods or services produced or provided by an individual or a company for the protection. The system helps consumer to identify and purchase a product or service based on whether its specific characteristics and quality – as indicated by its unique trademark – meet their needs. Geographical Indications: A geographical indication is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation due to that place of origin. Most commonly, a geographical indication consists of the name of the place of origin of the products. Agricultural products have qualities that derive from their place of production and are affected by specific local geographical factors, such as climate and soil. METHODOLOGIES Because of the exposure of social media it has become increasingly important for individuals and businesses to increase their plans to protect their intellectual property by developing a strategy for addressing infringement of IP and other rights that take place on social media websites. There is a wide range of concerns especially due to the fact that by using the social media, not all users distributed original content, not all users remained their selves, but adopted identities of others, used the social media platforms to harass their real world enemies. Data collected by Internet World Stats shows the internet usage of the world population is: Taking into consideration this fact and that today we live in a â€Å"digital† society, the concept of intellectual property, is faced with new legal challenges. The question that arises from this increasing society context is the influence of the social media in everyday life and especially in the protection of intellectual property rights. In today’s world no one can deny the power of the social media, however the issue of controlling this power is rather concerning. With the involvement of the Internet and the social media in our lives it is becoming hard to keep our data safe. This new situation demands the rights holders to ask protection of their intellectual property rights. It is widely known that the value of the intellectual property rights in practice depends on whether the owner of the rights is capable of undertaking necessary measures to prevent others from infringing its rights. IPRs benefit individuals and the society as mentioned by World Intellectual Property Organization includes: The multibillion dollar film, recording, publishing and software industries would not exist without copyright protection. Without the rewards provided by the patent system, researchers and inventors continue to produce better and more efficient products for consumers. Consumers would have no means to buy products or services without reliable, international trademark. Following policies are adopted by the famous social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube in order to protect IPR of user: Facebook You will not post content or take any action on Facebook that infringes or violates someone else’s rights or otherwise violates the law. We can remove any content or information you post on Facebook if we believe that it violates this Statement or our policies. We provide you with tools to help you protect your intellectual property rights. To learn more, visit our How to Report Claims of Intellectual Property Infringement page. If we remove your content for infringing someone else’s copyright, and you believe we removed it by mistake, we will provide you with an opportunity to appeal. If you repeatedly infringe other people’s intellectual property rights, we will disable your account when appropriate. † Twitter Twitter respects the intellectual property rights of others and expects users of the Services to do the same. They will respond to notices of alleged copyright infringement that comply with applicable law and are properly provided to us. If you believe that your Content has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, do provide them the following information: 1. A physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on their behalf. 2. Identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed. 3. Identification of the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity and that is to be removed or access to which is to be disabled, and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate the material. 4. Your contact information, including your address, telephone number, and an email address. 5. A statement by you that you have a good faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law. 6. A statement that the information in the notification is accurate, and, under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner. 7. Twitter reserve the right to remove Content alleged to be infringing without prior notice, at our sole discretion, and without liability to you. In appropriate circumstances, Twitter will also terminate a user’s account if the user is determined to be a repeat infringer. 8. Twitter’s Terms of service provide that any copyright infringing content will be taken down. Like Facebook, Twitter also has a form to receive and process infringement complaints. For processing a complaint and taking down content, a complainant must prove that he/she owns the content and the content on Twitter is infringing. Accounts of repeat infringers will be terminated. Twitter has separate policies for trademark and character infringements. YouTube 1. YouTube operates a clear copyright policy in relation to any Content that is alleged to infringe the copyright of a third party. Details of that policy can be found here: https://www.youtube.co.uk/t/copyright_notice 2. As part of YouTube’s copyright policy, YouTube will terminate user access to the service if a user has been determined to be a repeat infringer. A repeat infringer is a user who has been notified of infringing activity more than twice.† 3. Like Facebook and Twitter, YouTube also has a DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) take down policy for removing copyright infringing content. More than two notifications of infringement will make a user, a repeat infringer on YouTube. Repeat infringement can result in loss of access of account. YouTube also has a complaint form for reporting trademark infringement. A channel that infringes a trademark can be blocked or terminated. While taking down the content, Social Media platforms must consider whether the use falls within the scope of fair use. Content need not be taken down if the use is fair. In a recent case, YouTube did not take down a video even after receiving a complaint from Universal Music stating that the video includes its copyrighted song, â€Å"Let’s Go Crazy.† A child was shown dancing in the song, and YouTube considered it fair use. There are two main reasons for protection of intellectual property rights. The first is to give required expression to the moral and economic rights of creators in their creations and such rights of the public in access to those creations. The second is to promote, as a deliberate act of Government policy, creativity and application of its results and to encourage fair trading which would contribute to economic and social development. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Why are patents necessary? By recognizing the creativity, patents provide rewards to individual for their innovation and marketable invention which in turn enhances the quality of human life. In this era of social media environment which has opened the gates of transparency for every individual, trademarks could be lost and as such, prosecuting its infringement can be challenging if its uniqueness is not highlighted. Trade-marks must be distinctive and must not be confused with the brands or trade-marks of others. If the owner does not take steps to prevent or stop infringements of the trade-mark, the uniqueness of the mark could be lost and the trade-mark could then be open to challenge. Social media can increase the risk to trade-mark owners of losing uniqueness in their marks and therefore potentially risk the trade-mark itself. That is because of the widespread spreading of information through social media and the lack of control trade-mark owners can have over their brands, such that the distinctiveness can be taken away over time. WIPO identifies the essence of trademarks thus: 1. Trademarks promote initiative and enterprise worldwide by rewarding their owners with recognition and financial profit. 2. Trademark protection also hinders the efforts of unfair competitors, such as counterfeiters, to use similar distinctive signs to market inferior or different products or services. 3. The system enables people with skill and enterprise to produce and market goods and services in the fairest possible conditions, thereby facilitating international trade. Trademark protection ensures that the owners of marks have the exclusive right to use them to identify goods or services, or to authorize others to use them in return for payment. The period of protection varies, but a trademark can be renewed indefinitely upon payment of the corresponding fees. Trademark protection is legally enforced by courts that, in most systems, have the authority to stop trademark infringement. CHALLANGES With the arrival of social media, intellectual property issues have been confronted with new and sometimes complex challenges. The social media technologies that encourage the sharing of contents across different communication channels have brought about new difficulties in enforcing copyright, and inspired additional challenges to the basic legal philosophy of copyright. The global entertainment industry in particular has fought diligently against the free use, copying, and distribution of electronic music, videos, and movies. Many businesses in their bid to protect their intellectual property have advocated for the same copyright protection to be extended to new media. There is a wide range of concerns especially due to the fact that by using the social media, not all users distributed original content, not all users remained their selves, but adopted identities of others, used the social media platforms to harass their real world enemies. The large amount of cases that have arisen around the world show that â€Å"user generated content† is not the same thing as â€Å"user created content†. Content exchanged between individuals online is not always â€Å"content generated by a user† but, rather, â€Å"content created by a copyright holder who has not authorized its generation by the user. In other words, its publication in social media is said to constitute a breach of the holder’s copyright. The nature of social media is both a curse and a blessing for rights holders. The blessing is that content that violates rights might be deleted.From social media sites before they have been widely viewed, downloaded or shared.Unwanted questions abound on the Internet. This means that many times one can get materials that one did not subscribe to. There appears to be ‘nowhere to hide’ for many people, in terms of their privacy i.e. privacy intrusion takes place. Intellectual property rights are rights given to people over the creation of their minds. Creators such as authors, artists, inventors, designers, musicians, photographers, producers and directors are entitled to exclusive rights to use and economically exploit their work. These rights must be respected by all. Thus, when one uses another’s work, credit must be given to the owner of such work resulting in intellectual property theft. CONCLUSION While social media channels and social platforms represent an opportunity for collaboration and marketing in a new paradigm of communication, one must be mindful of the potential legal issues that may arise. As long as a forward looking, proactive, and coordinated strategy is taken in regards to potential disclosures, an organization may be able to market to the public via social media while avoiding accidently triggering grace periods and or losses to intellectual property rights.

The Main Themes of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by...

â€Å"PERSONS attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot.† This quote is from Mark Twain at the beginning of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and it shows Mark Twain’s humor, while also setting the tone for the book. This book was published in the 1880’s, which was around twenty years after the civil war, but it showed there were still signs of discrimination against the African Americans. The main themes of this story are racism and slavery, superstitions, and the issue of conforming to society to please others. The theme of the story largely revolves around the ideas of racism and slavery and is conveyed†¦show more content†¦Superstitions are a large part of the story because when Huck and Jim are together they are usually calm and collected, but when they encounter something that is superstitious, they become irra tional. There are several examples of this happening including when Huck flicks the spider off his shoulder into the candle and it burns, so he believes it is going to give him bad luck. Another example is when Huck spills salt at breakfast and went to throw some over his left shoulder, but Miss Watson stopped him before he could so he thought he was going to get bad luck. Superstitions have been around since the earliest of civilizations and will most likely always be around. They were just as popular during Mark Twain’s time as they are now. Today, most people are superstitious about sporting events and often will do outrageous things to help their team win. â€Å"Jim put the quarter under the hair-ball, and got down and listened again. This time he said the hair-ball was all right. He said it would tell my whole fortune if I wanted it to. I says, go on. 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A Gathering of Old Men the Characters in Gaines’ Novel Free Essays

Race has always been an issue in Louisiana. The characters in Gaines’ novel attempt to dissolve racial tension in the South. All of the black men gather together at the plantation so the lynching mob won’t attempt to attack them. We will write a custom essay sample on A Gathering of Old Men: the Characters in Gaines’ Novel or any similar topic only for you Order Now Salt and Pepper, a black and a white football star, play together at LSU in the novel. This demonstrates racial cooperation. The novel takes place in Bayonne, Louisiana on the Marshall Plantation. The plantation’s white boss, Beau, is found murdered at the start of the novel. Candy Marshall, part owner of the plantation, finds the body near Mathu’s house. Mathu was somewhat of a foster parent to Candy. Candy gathers a crew of old men to the plantation with shotguns and empty shells to confess to the murder. She does this so the alleged killer, Mathu, won’t be lynched. Lynching is how many racial crimes in Louisiana at this time were handled. The old men stay at the plantation all day, not knowing who actually committed the crime. Mapes, a white sheriff, is depicted as a typical racist. He uses aggression towards the men to try to solve the crime. This was the typical approach of Louisiana deputies towards blacks. Towards the end of the novel, Mapes shows that he has great respect for Mathu. In this novel Gaines shows the racial difficulties in Louisiana at this time. This is shown through the fear of the black community. They were afraid of being lynched for a crime they might not have committed. The men all gather together to take a stand against racist whites. He also shows that this was the beginning of racial equality. This is shown by the harmony between Salt and Pepper on and off of the football field. Gaines paints a good picture of the Louisiana lifestyle at this point in history. He shows the racial struggles in law enforcement, daily lifestyle, and sports. Being from Louisiana and knowing what I do about our historical culture I would say that in Gaines’ novel he describes very well what Louisiana life was like at this time. I chose to do my report on this book because I believe that racism is a very large part of Louisiana history. How to cite A Gathering of Old Men: the Characters in Gaines’ Novel, Papers

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility. Answer: Chapter 1: 7 respondents were interviewed by asking them 23 open ended questions. It was seen that the seven respondents had different views regarding every questions they were asked. The analyses of the interviews are given below: It was seen that the first interview had mentioned that Marketing and Corporate Relations Department is responsible for Corporate Communication in the Organization of the interviewer. The second interview gave the information that a Sovereign Department called Corporate Communications Department is responsible for it while the third interview stated that Public Relations Department is responsible for it. The fourth interview mentioned that the Marketing and Corporate Communications Department is responsible for Corporate Communication in the Organization, the fifth interview mentioned Marketing Communication for it, and the sixth interview mentioned about Branding and communications department whiles the seventh one replied Marketing and Corporate Relations Department (Murphy and Schlegelmilch 2013). From the first interview, it was seen that UBA Foundation was responsible for the Corporate Social Responsibility. The second interview shows that there is a sub unit in the department that is responsible for it while the third interview shows that the office of the chairman and the head of the head of the Public Relations Department is responsible for Corporate Social Responsibility (Herzig and Moon 2013). According to the fourth interview it was seen, the Marketing and Corporate Communications Department is responsible for its customer social relationship while the fifth interview stated that Corporate services is responsible for it. The sixth interview said that they have a specific director who is in charge of the customer social relationship of their organization and the seventh interview revealed that the Marketing and corporate relations department is in charge of customer social relationship. The first interview shows that the company has a divisional Head for Marketing and Corporate Relations who is in charge of the Corporate Communication in the organization while the second interview shows that a unit headed by a particular person is in charge of it (Bravo et al. 2012). According to interview three and four, they do not have any specific director for the charge of Corporate Communication in the organization while according to interview five they have a specific director for it. Interview 6 showed that HR manager is involved in decision-making process of Corporate Communication of the organization while interview seven revealed the Divisional Head is in charge of the Corporate Communications Department (Leipziger 2015). According to the first interview, it was seen that the organization have different level of approving offices to provide decisions regarding Corporate Communication of the organization while the director is not the lone person to make decision for the second organization. The third interview shows that the board of directors took the decisions regarding it while the The Head, Marketing and Corporate Communications Department took the decisions (ArAs 2016). Interview 5 revealed Executive shared services took the decisions; interview six revealed that hr manager took the decisions while Divisional Head took the decisions according to interview seven. It was seen that there were various impacts of customer social relationship Communication. It was seen that there were various positive impacts as well as negative impacts of customer social relationship communication. According to interview one, it was seen that too much money is spent on promotions to reach t the customers. Use of social media is also increased as the company can cover a larger mass of people on social media platforms. The second interview showed that the impact of customer social relationship communication would be severe on choosing wrong target population (Herzig and Moon 2013). This would result to sell of the products to wrong people and advertising to the wrong people about the products. Interview 3 revealed that the impact of customer social relationship Communication would result to disclosure of too much information of the company outside and the competitors could take advantage of this information to succeed in the business (Jonker and Marberg 2015). Inte rview 4 had revealed that they had to frame strategies and set their business such that it creates an impact in the lives of all stakeholders. Interview 5 revealed that they have very good companys Corporate Communication and they help their staffs to keep abreast of the customer social relationship initiatives. Interview 6 revealed that they try to create the impact of customer social relationship by emails and newspaper publications. They have a good image on their customers and stakeholders. Interview 7 also revealed that the organization have a good impact on the customers and stakeholders as they have a good bank of reputation. Importance and effectiveness of corporate communication channels was found from the interviews. It was seen that some of the organizations used the usage of communications like websites and Annual Reports for Corporate Social Responsibility Communication while few of them do not use it. Interview 5, interview 6, interview 7, interview 4 and interview 2 use it to improve their corporate communication. Interview 1 and interview 3 said that they do not use the communications like websites and Annual Reports for Corporate Social Responsibility Communication. These are important modes of communication as they help to reach out to maximum number of people (Manning 2013). Social media is also another important corporate communication channels. People are more into social media and it is easy to reach out to the people via social media. The interview also revealed that communication strategy of both medium and social media are important for the effectiveness of corporate communication. On asking whether the standards of communication is necessary to be according to industry standards, all the seven interview conducted gave a positive response to this question. This is because the industry standard is set to connect to a larger mass of people (Murphy and Schlegelmilch 2013). Having the standard of corporate communication according to industry standard would help the companies to communicate with the clients and stakeholders. Question was asked to grade the degree of effectiveness of the Communication Strategy Adopted by the organization. Interview 6 and interview 7 revealed that their Communication strategy was quite effective and they rated it around 90%. According to interview 5, the rating of the degree of effectiveness of was 8 while interview 4 revealed that their strategy was very effective (Murphy and Schlegelmilch 2013). Interview 3 revealed that the strategy of communication they had adopted was effect largely. However, they had rooms for improvement of their strategy. According to interview 2, the rating of their communication strategy is between 8 and 9 and the company had began to adopt new modes of communication. Interview 1 revealed that the degree of effectiveness of their communication is high. Chapter 2 Conclusion It was seen that different organizations had different methods of decision processes. They had various persons to take their decisions. While one interview revealed that, their director took the decisions regarding the processing financial institution while another interview revealed that the divisional Head for Marketing and Corporate Relations. Another interview revealed that the director might not be the sole decision maker of the various processes of decision-making. It was also seen that there were various advantages and disadvantages regarding the impacts of Customer Social Relationship Communications. In some cases, it was seen that the expenditure by the organization was high, as they have to reach out to as many customers as they can. Some of them had a bank of good images and they use specific mediums for specific audiences. It was seen that most of the institutions had said that they have bank of good reputations for their organization. This might be due to their good cust omer relationship strategies and good corporate strategies. Social media was seen as an important medium of communication by the organizations with their clients and customers. It was also seen that most of the interviews revealed that the organizations prefer to use other channels of communication like Websites and Annual Reports for Corporate Social Responsibility communication. Some of them use Annual Reports while some of them use various websites. However, social media was seen as the pioneer method of communication with the clients and stakeholders. The interviews revealed that the strategy of communication that is adopted by organizations is quite effective. This variable got the high degree in terms of effectiveness of the strategy of communication that is adopted by the organizations. Thus, it was seen that every interview revealed there was effectiveness and importance of the channels of corporate communication they use for their organization. The channels of communication that are used by the organizations for corporate communication of corporate social responsibility activities are effective enough for the business and development of the organizations. Use of additional channels by the organizations are also seen this research. It was also seen that there are various people involved in the process of decision-making. The strong impact of the corporate communication of corporate social responsibility activities had been revealed in the interviews where the organization is happy and highly satisfied with their degree of effectiveness of the communication strategy they had adopted. References ArAs, G., 2016.A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Bravo, R., Matute, J. and Pina, J.M., 2012. Corporate social responsibility as a vehicle to reveal the corporate identity: A study focused on the websites of Spanish financial entities.Journal of Business Ethics,107(2), pp.129-146. Herzig, C. and Moon, J., 2013. Discourses on corporate social ir/responsibility in the financial sector.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.1870-1880. Jonker, J. and Marberg, A., 2015. Corporate Social Responsibility Quo Vadis?.Business, Capitalism and Corporate Citizenship: A Collection of Seminal Essays, p.85. Leipziger, D., 2015.The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing. Manning, L., 2013. Corporate and consumer social responsibility in the food supply chain.British Food Journal,115(1), pp.9-29. Murphy, P.E. and Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and corporate social irresponsibility: Introduction to a special topic section.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.1807-1813.

Beyond The Writers Market Seven Ways to Find New Magazines

Beyond The Writers Market Seven Ways to Find New Magazines Feel like you’re out of ideas to pitch the magazines you know? Then find new magazines. There are more magazines out there than you can imagine. Despite what you may have heard, new titles continue to evolve (over 130 in 2017 alone,  Statista reports).You’ve dogs include Modern Materials Handling and Industrial Heating. Due to their more specialized target audiences, trades tend to pay well.Another little-known but great-paying type of glossy are company magazines, known in the mag trade as custom pubs. The best-known of these is  Costco Connection  magazine, along with all the airlines’ in-flight mags, but there are more. Find more at the  Custom Content Council’s  site with its handy members’ directory search tab to sort

Interesting Islamic Incidents Essay Example

Interesting Islamic Incidents Essay Example Interesting Islamic Incidents Essay Interesting Islamic Incidents Essay Essay Topic: Interesting The White Hand Besides The Staph, Hazrat Musa (A. s) was also Blessed Wit The White Hand. In the Pharoahs Court, Whenever He Used To put his hand inside His Collar, It came Out As White As Snow. On repeating The Procedure Again, It Returned Back To its original state and color. (Ref: Para 12, Surah TaHa, Verse 22. 23) The Story Of Gog And Magog (Yajuuj Majuuj) Zulqarnain:- Zulqarnain Is also known As iskandar or Alexander in History of the world. He was one of the four lucky ones whom Allah had granted the the Conquest of the entire world, but the fifth conquerer is yet to come. He was The Cousin of Hazrat Khizer (A. s). Both of these gentlemen travelled towards the West to Find The Water Of Immoratality or Aab-E-Hayat. Hazrat Khizer (A. s) was successful but somehow Zulqarnain was unable to drink it. The Three Voyages:- Anyhow he travelled further West, passing by various human settlements and finally came to a place where he found, at Sunset time, the Sun setting into A black body of water. Here lived a Group of Innumerable, Primitive and a Sort of Militant type Humans known as Nasik. They were dressed in Animal skins and only ate Dead Meat and Fishes From the Sea. A part of this tribe was killed by Zulqarnains army and a part of them who were blessed with the True Faith, were treated most kindly. Then Zulqarnain travelled towards the East and when he got to the farthest point from where the sun seemed to Rise, he discovered another tribe of Men known as Munsik. This tribe used to sleep during the day and after the sunset they used to wander out for food. The Same Treatment was adopted in this case as the one in the case of Nasik stated above. Then He Travelled towards the north. In a valley between two mountains was another tribe which spoke an utterly strange language. Communicating with them Using Notations and gestures was quite difficult. The tribesmen Informed Zulqarnain About the attrocities of Gog And Magog Yajuj Majuj and requested for his immediate help. Gog and Magog:- These Tribesmen are the Descendants of Yaafis Bin Nooh (A. s). Very Cruel, Militant, Brave and pitiless in nature. They Used to Come out of their Caves during Summer, Eating almost everything they laid their hands upon; Farms, trees, Animals big and small, even Snakes, Scorpions and Comaliens. During the winter they used to Live upon dried fruits and items. Zulqarnain was offered Monetarily but he refused Saying that Allah Almighty has granted him with everything, instead he demanded That the Tribesmen Of the valley should come and join their army, thus providing Physical support. His Army Built A Deep Foundation around the territory of Gog And Magog. It was so deep that water sprang out of the Ground. Then he Fixed Stones Inside it using Molten Bronze. Plates of Iron Were Inserted along with firewood and coal. Then it was set on fire till the blazes reached Mountain tops. Finally Bronze was again added to make the wall strong and indestructable. This Wall is The Only way that Separates Gog and Magog From the world. The Great Escape:- According to Prophet Muhammad Saww, The Gog And Magog try to break the wall everyday but When they Reach the Final point, Someone Says We will break it open Tommorow. By the Grace of the Almighty, when they arrive the next day, the wall returns to the original thickness. Just before Doomsday. one of those Tribesman would quote the same statement as InshaAllah We will break it open Tommorow. And thus they will spur out causing chaos and destruction all over the world except Makkah, Medina, and Jerusalem. The end of this tribe will owe to a Dua By Hazrat Isa (A. s), which will cause an worm producing infection in their necks and finally killing them (Ref: para 16, Al-Kahaf, Verse 86-98) The Conquest of the World Allah Almighty Has Granted Four Men in The History With The Conquest Over the entire World. Two Infidels Bakht Nasar And Namruud and Two Momineen Hazrat Sulaiman (A. s) and Zulqarnain ( also known as Iskandar or Alexander). The Fifth Person is Yet to Come i. e Hazrat Imam Mehdi (A. s) i) Bakht Nasar was a Ruler Who Killed, Captured And Deported Thousands Of Bani Israelis From Jerusalem and destroyed the City Of Jerusalem as well. ii) Namrud was the most wealthy person in the world who was buried in the sand along with his treaure During The time of Hazrat Musa (A. ) iii) Hazrat Sulaiman (A. s) was the Prophet of Allah who was Blessed with the Command Over All Animals, Jins and Nature itself. iv) Zulqarnain is the one who is known to Confine Gog And Magog by building a strong Fortification around them. v) Imam Mehdi (A. s) is the one Who will Come Before Doomsday and will fight the army of infidels And establish An Islamic Empire all over the World The Sneeze When Allah Almighty creat ed the Body of Adam (A. s) and placed it on the Arsh, All the angels used to be amazed and afraid of it as They had never seen any creature like this one. At that time, the Almighty Placed Adam (A. s)s Soul inside his body. When the soul reached Adam (A. s)s Nostrils, he Sneezed. When The soul reached his mouth, he said Alhamdulillah. On this The Almighty Allah Said Yar hama kullah. Thus it is The Sunnah of Adam (A. s) to Say Alhamdulillah After A sneeze, and It is the Sunnah Of Allah Almighty to Say Yar hama Kullah when you hear Someone Saying Alhamdulillah. Allhamdulillah means tamam taarefain Allah k lie hen OR All the Praises Are For Allah Yar Hama kullah means Allah tum per Rehm Kre OR May Allah have mercy upon you

Comparison of Judaism and Islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparison of Judaism and Islam - Research Paper Example The more understanding we gain with regards to anything, the more broadmindedness we become by evaluating Judaism and Islam. These systems of beliefs share the same thought of worshipping of a supernatural power or god. From this plain word, an enormous figure of individual interpretations has taken place. Religion has not merely turned out to be an arrangement of belief but a source for individualism, pre-eminence and conflict. All the way through the centuries rules have been performed, terrain taken, formed and then ruined and wars have been struggled in an attempt to protect one’s religion. Several religions have close towards nothing in common whereas others have various similarities. As compared with the three foremost western religions: In â€Å"Universal Peace: To Unite a Universal Brotherhood†, Mohammed Talib wrote that â€Å"Judaism and Islam, there have been indications of communal practice, perception and law† (Talib (2005), p. 71). Judaism appears to be one of the ancient religions recognized by man.   Judaism came to view roughly around 4000 years ago.   Several prominent individuals, as said by Arye Forta in the book â€Å"Judaism†, have been â€Å"Jewish citizens like Jesus, Moses, Einstein, Freud, Marx, even Mahler†. This religion is said to be a monotheistic creed, denoting that Jewish natives pray to solely one god.   There weren’t lots of religions like this since it was launched which made Judaism very exceptional during that time.   Nearly all of the religions during those days were polytheistic, meaning that they prayed towards more than one God (Forta (1995), p. 5). On the other hand the â€Å"word "Islam" indicates "obedience to Allah."† This was written in the book of R. W. Maqsood’s â€Å"Islam†. Anybody who does definitely present themselves towards the desires of Allah as obliged by Islam is labeled as a "Muslim," which implies one who has surrendered towards the

Attachment Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Attachment Theory - Essay Example Children with attachment disorders suffer hardships in relating with others and cannot deal, effectively, with their emotions. There exists a wide variety of attachment issues depending on how disturbed a child is emotionally. These include conduct, attention deficit hypersensitivity, bipolar disorders among others. Circumstances surrounding the causes of attachment issues, at times, are unavoidable. However, the child is too young to comprehend that which may be happening and the reasons behind it. To the child, it may seem like nobody cares and thusly lose trust in others. Symptoms of attachment disorder include avoiding physical affection, anger, lack of remorse, enjoy being in control, and withdrawal. Provision of relevant education on how to deal with attachment-disordered children should be considered. This primarily targets parents with attachment-disordered children as an essential step towards reversing its effects. New parenting skills are impacted to help in healing the maltreatment experienced during the child’s early life, assisting them secure attachments with their current caregivers. In addition, this creates a foundation of new trust, which is necessary for successful relationships in all aspects of life. Research has indicated that attachment parenting requires one to understand the concepts of regulation dysregulation, which refer to the physical and emotional state of the child (ATTACh, 2008). While in a regulated environment, children can learn at their best since, they have a flexible experience and can manage a range of emotions without being overwhelmed. In addition, the child becomes more receptive, calm and can process thoughts and feelings. It is also critical that parents maintain a position that reflects the notion of being wiser and more mature that the child. It is essential that the parent assist the child in making sense of an

Analyzing a Supply Network Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyzing a Supply Network - Research Paper Example All these requirements have been imbued upon the companies so as to ensure their continuity. In light of the above discussion, for companies it has become imperative that they streamline their operations to match the dynamics of their business environment. The degree of coordination required between different functions of the business has never been higher (Simchi-Levi, Kaminsky, and Simchi-levi, 2007). Not only is coordination required between different functions of the business but also it is required between different channel partners. This coordination between departments and channel partners should result in the sharing of accurate and timely information (Halldorsson, Kotzab, Mikkola, and Skjoett-Larsen, 2007). This information should enable a channel partner to adjust its operations to fit the requirements created by the new change. In this current globalised environment a holistic view a business entails a supplier, manufacturer, distributors and customer. This makes up the su pply chain of a business. The extended supply chain of a business would be supplier suppliers and customer customers. Thus, in this highly complex and vast supply chain it becomes imperative for supply chain partners to share information between each other so that they could serve their customers effectively. The current business environment has brought previously local companies in contact with international customers and suppliers. These local businesses which previously were confined to their national borders have now transcended across these borders to advantageous of the opportunities present in the international market. But since these businesses are unaware of these landscapes they need to collaborate with local businesses that have a much more cultural familiarity of these landscapes. In order to facilitate communication and information sharing between trans-national channel partners it is important for these channel partners to have supply chain management system in place t o link them up (Gundlach, Bolumole, Eltantawy, and Frankel, 2006). Organizations are facing several supply chain issues and challenges. The preferences of customers are changing at the rapid rate at the same time there are additional cost pressures on the organizations. This in turn has created dilemma for the organizations that either they should go for increasing the responsiveness and adaptability of the supply chain or should incorporate cost effective strategies. The organizations are looking for an optimal place in the middle of both important variables. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the overall process of supply chain management and associated issues. For this purpose, the analysis of the supply chain management of Beri has been presented in this paper. In this way it will become easier to comprehend the important concepts. Supply Chain Management and Drivers of Supply Chain Management: It is important for the organizations to manage the overall supply chain in effective and efficient manager. Different key players are involved in the whole supply chain and in order to make sure that the supply chain is appropriately managed all players should be integrated to each other. While devising the supply chain strategy there is always a tradeoff between the cost effectiveness and high responsiveness. The elements of supply chain can be either designed in such a way that the overall suppl

Brazilian Culture And Society

Brazilian Culture And Society The Portuguese populated Brazil in 16th century introduce African slaves to the nation. Further European, Asian, Middle Eastern group have departured established in this country. The native Guarani and Tupi citizens are also included in the people as well. In the present day Brazil has a relatively different background ethnicity too. As seen the language used by Brazilians quite varies. Brazilian Language Brazil Culture Society: Brazilian Multiplicity: Brazil is a blend of race ethnicities, resultant in prosperous multiplicity. Numerous unique Portuguese settlers wedded local women, which formed a original race, call mestizos who be descendents of the Portuguese African slaves. Slavery was abolished in 1888, created over instance an additional blur of cultural outline. Brazilian had intermarried to the tip that it at times seem too approximately everybody has a blend of African, European resident parentage. Brazilians Family unit ethics: The family is base of societal construction form the foundation of constancy for most citizens. Family tends to be big and the wide-range family is relatively close. The individual derive a social network support in era of necessitate from the family. Discrimination is considered as an optimistic thing while it implies that by employing individual one knows trust is of prime importance. The Brazilians Class System: In spite of mixing of ethnicities here is a class system in Brazil. The minority Brazilians possibly will describe as racially prejudiced even though community unfairness on the base of outer covering color is every day happening. On the whole group of darker brown skin people are economically and socially underprivileged. The Middle as well as Upper class groups frequently has only make short contact with the Lower class groups i.e. typically drivers, maids etc. Lower Class is resolute by economic status as well as skin color. There is an immense differentiation in earnings differential so the lifestyle social aspiration amongst the different classes. Even though women being 40% of the Brazilians workforce they are only found in lower salaried job i.e. Teaching, Nursing Administrative support. In 1988 establishment prohibit preferential treatment not in the favor of womens but inequality still continue living. The one place where women have achieved e quality is in government. Etiquettes and Customs in Brazil Meeting Etiquette: Men shake hands while greeting one another and maintain stable eye contact. Women in general kiss each other initiate with the left and irregular cheeks. Hug Backslapping are ordinary greetings among Brazilians friends. And in case if a woman desires to shake hands with a man then she needs to extend her hand initially. Gift Giving Etiquettes: If invited at Brazilians residence, get the hostess flowers or can even get a small gift. Orchids are considered to be one of the best gifts but always avoid the purple ones. Keep away from giving anything that is black or purple as these are sorrow colors. Even handkerchiefs are associated with funeral so it does not make good gift. Dining Etiquette: whenever you are invited to a Brazilians residence arrive at least 30 minutes before the given time for dinner where in there is a party or gathering arrive atleast 1hr late. They dress-up with a style judge others on their looks. Always dress sophisticatedly and go wrong on the side of over-dressing instead for under- dressing. If you dont get a gift to the hostess then too next day flowers are always appreciated. Business Etiquettes and Protocol in Brazil Communication Relationships: Brazilians need to understand as in how they are doing business with before they work successfully. Brazilians are in favor of personal meetings to written communication as it helps them to understand the individual with whom they do business. The personality they deal with is more significant than the company. As this is a group culture so it is important that you do nothing to disgrace a Brazilian. Criticizing an individual personality makes the person to lose face with in front of others in meeting. The one who makes the criticism also loses face as someone has disrespected the unwritten rule. Communication is at times informal does not depend on strict rules of protocol. Anybody who feels that he/she has something to say will normally add their view. It is considered good enough to disturb someone who is doing verbal communication. Here head to head verbal communication is favored over the on paper communication. But at the similar time when it comes to business agreement Brazilians claim on drawing up detailed legal contracts. Business Negotiation: Brazilians are more satisfied doing business with the people company they already know. Wait for your Brazilian colleagues to move up the business matter. Never rush the relationship- building occasion. Brazilians take time when there is a chance of negotiation. Do not rush them or seem to be annoyed. Expect an immense deal of time to be exhausted review information. It often happens that the people with whom you negotiate with will not have supervisory authority. It is always sensible to appoint a translator if youre Portuguese is not smooth. Use local lawyer accountant for discussions. Brazilians resent an external legal presence. Brazilians business is hierarchical. Decisions are always made by the highest-ranking individual. Brazilians discuss with people not with company. Never change the negotiation team you have choose before or you will have to start it all again from the beginning. Business Meeting Etiquettes: Business activities are essential can frequently be listed on short notice however it is considered best to make them in advance by two to three weeks. Authenticate the meeting in written. It is not unusual for the appointments to get cancelled or altered at the end moment. In Brasilia Sao Paulo it is very essential to arrive on time for meetings. Where as in Rio de Janeiro other cities it is appropriate if u arrive a bit late in meeting. Do not seem to be irritated if you are kept waiting. Brazilians perceive time as something outside their control demands of relationships takes priority over adhere to a strict schedule. Meetings are in general rather informal. Expect to be interrupted whereas you are talking or making a presentation even avoid confrontation. Never appear to be frustrated in front of your Brazilian colleagues. Dress Etiquettes: Brazilians feel pride on themselves by dressing well. Men should always wear conventional, dark colored business suit. As the three-piece suit typically indicate that someone is a director. Women should always wear suits or dresses which look elegant feminine with fine quality of accessories. Manicures are always expected. Business Cards: Business cards are always exchanged during introduction with each one at a meeting. It is sensible to have the additional business card which is being translated into Portuguese. Present the business card with the Portuguese side facing the beneficiary. Social issues in Brazil Poverty: Poverty in Brazil is on the whole visually represented by various faceless, slums in the countries urban areas remote upcountry region that undergo through economic underdevelopment below similar standard of living. An attempt to lessen these problems is the Fome Zero hunger-eradication program [2]implemented by the President Luiz Inà ¡cio Lula da Silva in the year 2003. Part of this is Bolsa Famà ­lia a most important anti-poverty program which provides money directly to the impoverished families to keep their kids in schools. The Government of Lulas compact the poverty rate by 19.8% based on labour income during the year June 2002 June 2006 according to Fundaà §Ãƒ £o Getà ºlio Vargas. In the year June 2006, 18.57% was rate of depression of inhabitants. The rate of poverty is in division credited to the countries economic differences. In the Gini coefficient index Brazil ranks 49.3% with the richest 10% of Brazilians receiving 42.7% of the nations earnings while the poorest 10% obtain less than 1.2% only. In the Gini coefficient index of inequality assessment Brazil ranks worlds highest. A study on the subject show that the poor part constitute approximately one third of the population the extremely poor make out about 13% 2005 figures. However the same study shows the income growth of the poorest 20% inhabitants segment to be almost in equality with China where as the richest 10% are stagnate. Reduction: Brazil might achieve social indicator similar to that of developed nations by 2016 if the country is capable enough to maintain the similar rate of reduction of intense poverty income disparity as recorded in the year 2003 to 2008. By the similar token the country may record an absolute shortage rate of 4%. The information was taken from a file issued by The Institute of Applied Economic Research linked to Secretariat of Strategic Affairs of the Presidency of the Republic. Public is considered exceptionally poor who earn up to 25% of one minimum wage for each month whereas the utterly poor earn up to 50% of one minimum wage for each month. If we make a projection of the finest performance lately recorded in Brazil in terms of poverty inequality reduction 2003-2008 period to the year of 2016 the result would be a very optimistic social viewpoint. Brazil may practically overcome the problem of intense poverty as well as accomplish a national total poverty rate of only 4% w hich means its near-eradication, the article states. The mass of the advancement achieve by Brazil in fighting poverty inequality is moreover directly or indirectly connected to the structuring of public policies of social intervention provided for in the federal constitution of 1988. The Ipea even points out three additional important factors to combating poverty inequality they are: Increase in social expenditure in the country which went from 19% of the Gross Domestic Product in 1990 to 21.9% of the GDP in 2005. Delegation of social policy with an inclusive role played by municipalities in the implementation of social policies as their contribution of social expenses rose 53.8% from the year 1980 to 2008. Social participation in the formatting management of social policies. According to the institution the institutional consolidation of the framework of social laws in Brazil would be a significant step towards maintaining in coming years the brawl against scarcity disparity in the country. It is essential that a new law be passed regulating social responsibility assure with funds, goals, coordination timetable .So that Brazil may attain social indicator alike to those presently seen in urban country. All of that must obviously obtain place with no backlash in conditions of contribution of society in the monitoring, formatting control of public policies. The Brazil Federal Government has also implemented expanded major subsidy programs in last few years such as Fome zero bolsa familia. It is for families deemed to be in the need of help support. Brazil has severe trouble with offence. It is roughly 23.8 homicides for each 1,00,000 inhabitants, muggings, robbery, kidnapping gang aggression are very common. Police brutality corruption are common. In response to all this the Brazilian Government established The National Public Security in June 2004 by the ministry of justice to do something in situation of urgent situation in times of disaster. CULTURAL ASPECT Heritage: In Brazil the National Institute for Historic and Artistic Heritage1 keeps documentation of buildings certified as historic urban centers, structures condominiums, archaeological sites, over one million stuff including a cinematographic, a thousand bibliographic volumes, musicological collection, archival documentation, video graphic records photographic in addition to that the Worldwide Heritage. The Iphan classify the Cultural Heritage of Brazil into two groups: Intangible Heritage: It is the one whose representation, information, practices, expressions techniques, items, artifacts, instruments sites are acknowledged by the community as an essential part of their cultural heritage. It is agreed on from age group to age group it is continuously recreated by community based on their surroundings i.e. communication with nature history. This procedure generates a feeling of individuality continuity. The Brazilian catalogue of intangible assets includes the Samba Centers in Rio de Janeiro ,the feasts Cà ­rio de Nossa Senhora de Nazarà ©, Frevo (Dance), Feira de Caruaru, the handicraft form of preparing the Minas Cheese ,Capoeira (Martial Art). Tangible Heritage: It comprises of the combination of cultural assets classified in accordance to their nature in the four Books of Certified Historic structure:- Applied arts and archaeology Historic Landscape and ethnography. Fine arts. The material assets comprises of the Architectural combination of historic cities:- Ouro Preto (MG) Paraty (RJ) Olinda (PE) Grutas do Lago Azul and Nossa Senhora Aparecida (Bonito MS) The Corcovado (Rio de Janeiro RJ) Sà £o Luà ­s (MA) landscapes such as Lenà §Ãƒ ³is (BA) Serra do Curral (Belo Horizonte MG). Literature Brazils poetry, drama fiction account for about partially the literary output of Latin America planned by the amount of title of individual books. Bookish advancement in Brazil approximately follows the countries most important chronological period characterize frequently by writing in the Baroque Arcadian styles The National Period since 1822. Many prominent writers of the Colonial Period were Jesuits who got fascinated by the new land its native inhabitants. Writers Year Creation Gregà ³rio de Matos 1623 to1696 Poetry layered on lyricism and mysticism Josà © de Alencar 1829 to 1877 Iracema about Indians, O Guarani, a historical novel, and novels on regional, social, and urgan affairs Castro Alves 1847 to 1871 Wrote about African slaves Gonà §alves Dias 1823 to 1864 Who wrote about Indians Tomà ¡s Antà ´nio Gonzaga 1744 to 1810 Lyric and epic poems Raimundo Correa 1860 to 1911 Parnassian triad Manuel Antà ´nio de Almeida 1831 to 1861 Initiating picaresque literature in Brazil Joaquim Manuel de Macedo 1820 to 1882 A Moreninha, a popular story Alfredo dEscragnolle Taunay 1843 to 1899 Inocà ªncia Olavo Billac 1865 to 1918 Parnassian triad The prose of Euclides da Cunha 1866-1908 was committed to be a Brazilian literature portrays social realities. Machado de Assis 1839-1908 widely acclaim as the greatest Brazilian novelist of 19th century. Machado de Assis was unique because of the universality of his novel essays is considered one of the most vital influential writers of fiction in Brazil. In the beginning of the 20th century innovative state of mind imbued Brazilian artists culminating in the celebration in Sà £o Paulo of The 1922 Week of Modern Art held. These new way thoughts propelled an artistic revolution that appealed to the feelings of pride for national ancestry, folklore history. The leader of the literary phase was Mà ¡rio de Andrade from 1893-1945 who wrote Brazilian folklore, poems, fine art, essay on literature, melody Macunaà ­ma which he named rhapsody not a novel. The writer Oswald de Andrade from 1890-1953 wrote a collection of poetries entitled Pau-Brazil which assess Brazil culture, superstition, first time in Brazilian poems with hilarity. Jorge Amado first novelist who translated into 33 languages were heavily prejudiced by his belief in Marxist thoughts concentrated on the suffering of workforce on the cocoa plantation which had received worldwide approval. There are few other significant Brazilian writers. They are as follows: Gilberto Freyre from the year 1900 to1987 is author of Casa Grande Senzala i.e. The Masters and The Slaves. It is a perceptive learning of Brazilian society. Joà £o Cabral de Melo Neto the best known Brazilian poets. His poems are sober ,he also uses terms with the precision in building material. Vinicius de Moraes known worldwide from the year 1913to1980. His poems became part parcel of the bossa nova musical movement which is produced to be a new style of samba the classically Brazilian beat. And also wrote play i.e. Orfeu da Canceicao, it became internationally famous as film Black Orpheus. List of Poet Novelist who are Living or Recently Deceased: Living or recently deceased novelist Living or recently deceased poet Orà ­genes Lessa Raul Bopp Adonias Filho Murilo Mendes Érico Verà ­ssimo Augusto Frederico Dinah Silveira de Queiroz Schmidt Lygia Fagundes Telles Mà ¡rio Quintana Herberto Sales Cassiano Ricardo Rubem Fonseca Jorge de Lima Clarice Lispector Ferreira Gullar Dalton Trevisan Cecà ­lia Meireles Nà ©lida Pià ±on Augusto de Campos Osman Lins Haroldo de C Paulo Coelho Moacir Scliar Music Brazils origins the Indians with red flutes Portuguese with singers viola players, and the Africans with their many thrilling rhythms make it a musical country. From the classical compositions of Villa-Lobos, to the soft sounds of bossa nova to the driving beat of samba, Brazil has developed music of striking sophistication, quality, and diversity. The Jesuits made use of the music to catechize the Indians by replacing the original words with religious ones using the Tupi language. They also introduced the Gregorian chant and taught the flute, bow instruments, and the clavichord. Music accompanied the sacramental ceremonies which were performed in village and church plazas. Dance called Lundu used by Negro slaves is considered to be one of the most importan. It was one of the popular musical forms it was even sung in the Portuguese C musicourt. In the second half of the l8th century during the 19th century the sentimental love song called the modinha was popular it was sung both in Brazils salons. By the end of the century, Carlos Gomes from the year 1836 to 1896 produced a number of operas in the existing Italian fashion especially Il Guarany an opera ease on a well-known Brazilian novel by Josà © de Alencar. The first Brazilian composer Brasà ­lio Itiberà ª from the year 1848 to 1913 was to use a well-liked national motif in erudite music. In the year 1869 he composed A Sertaneja which was played by Franz Liszt has remained active in the piano repertoire. Brazils popular music developed similar to the classical music it also united traditional European instruments guitar, piano flute with a whole rhythm part of sound produced by frying pan, tiny barrels with a membrane a stick inside that make wheezing sounds tambourines. In the period of 1930 popular Brazilian music played on radio became powerful means of mass communication. The best composers of the period 1903 to 2963 were: Noel Rosa Lamartine Babo Ary Barroso In the year 1968 during the period of autocracy, urban guerrillas anxiety of about how to alter the political structure. The Tropicalists appear Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil Gal Costa. Tropicalism is described as a combination of national rhythms along with international music. He has his own creations and they are Lyrical, intellectual with faster tempos fuller rhythms than bossa nova. Brazils popular regional music includes the forrà ³ from northeast region where the accordion the flute join guitars percussion in a foot-stomping countryside dance. The frevo also from the northeast region which has a lively simple style. the chorinho from Rio which combines various type size of guitar, flutes, percussions an occasional clarinet or saxophone in a tender form of instrumental music international successful lambada. Lambada dance got its name from Portuguese. Labana is a sensual fast paced dance form; it is named out of a Portuguese verb which means to whip or flog which means smacking of the thigh alongside another thigh. Samba is one of the most seductive and popular rhythm of Brazil. The exact origin of samba is still a mystery. It is still said that samba has originate in the streets of Rio de Janeiro and it also had the contribution from various other cultures such as Portuguese nation songs, African tunes, and one of the Indian fast footwork. It is believed that samba is just an African origin and that it is evolve from the batuque, it is a music based done by beating instruments and hand clapping. Now a days Brazilian music had become popular is exploring new rhythms melodies. Its interpreters and composer use all possible sources to grab different kinds of music in the Brazilian songs so as to make Brazilian music more famous and popular to its world audience. Some of its famous performers are as under: Maria Bethania. Alcione Roberto Carlos. Cazuza, Ney Matogrosso Rita Lee Milton Nascimento Hermeto Pascoal Fafà ¡ de Belà ©m Chità £ozinho and Chororà ³ Elba Ramalho Alceu Valenà §a Luiz Gonzaga Luiz Gonzaga Jr. Joà £o Bosco Djavan Ivan Lins Marisa Monte Elis Regina. brazilian music ARTIST ARE PERFORMING A DANCE ON BRAZILLIAN MUSIC

Essay on The Awakening -- Chopin Awakening Essays

Critical Views of The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about human nature. In Chopin's time, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, many critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Edna's suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics.    Symbolism in The Awakening is interpreted in many ways. It is important to understand the meaning of each explanation of symbolism given by every critic to fully appreciate the novel. Art, for example, becomes a symbol of both freedom and failure(Wyatt). It is through the process of trying to become an artist that Edna reaches the highest point of her awakening(Wyatt). Clothes are also significant in discovering symbolism. When Edna is first introduced she is fully dressed. Gradually, she disrobes until finally she goes into the water to die, completely naked. Her undressing symbolizes the shedding of societal rules in her life, her growing awakening, and it stresses her physical and external self(Wyatt). Two modern critics, Neal Wyatt and Harold Bloom, agree that Edna is symbolized for her "quest for self-discovery or self-hood." Edna feels caged, which makes her quest very difficult. The use of birds in the story helps the reader understand Edna's feeling of entrapment and the inab ility to communicate(Wyatt). Much like the shedding of clothes, birds symbolize freedom and escape from being caged. The ability to spread your wings and fly is a symbolic theme that occurs often in the novel(Wyatt).    Many readers do not like the ending... ...r that many people of her time found unladylike or even perverted. However, as time has passed and readers as well as critics find it easier to talk about sensual emotions, Chopin is now known as one of the most respected and brilliant writers that ever lived. Women had the feelings she wrote about and life was as discriminating as she described it, but only Kate Chopin had the courage to tell about it. Critics have given deep thought to The Awakening and with each analysis one reads, comes a new and unique awakening.    Works Cited Gilbert, Sandra J.   "The Novel of the Awakening."   Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views: The Awakening, Kate Chopin Rosowski, Sandra M. "The Second Coming of Aphrodite."   Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views:   Kate Chopin; Chelsea House :   New York,   1987. Wyatt, Neal. "Suicide". http.//www.vcu.edu/engweb/eng384